Article Retraction

Articles published by Bryn Publishers may be considered for retraction under the following circumstances:

Substantial evidence exists indicating the unreliability of findings due to significant errors (e.g., miscalculation, experimental error), fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism.

The article constitutes plagiarism.

Findings have been previously published without proper attribution, disclosure, or justification, leading to redundant publication.

• Inclusion of unauthorized material or data.
• Violation of copyright or other serious legal issues.
• Report of unethical research.
• Failure to disclose a significant competing interest that could unduly affect interpretations.

Retraction Notices:

Notices of retraction will adhere to the following guidelines:

• Specify the entity responsible for the retraction.
• Published promptly to mitigate potential harm.
• Linked to the retracted article in online versions.
• Clearly identify the retracted article by including its title and authors in the retraction heading.
• Label it as a retraction and do not use the same format as other corrections or even comments.
• State the reason(s) for withdrawal or retractione in simple clear language and not use any abusive language.

Made freely accessible to all readers.

Crossmark Link:

Clicking on the Crossmark logo will tell you the current status of a document and may also give you additional publication record information about the article.

Cases Inappropriate For Retraction:

Retractions are typically not warranted in the following situations:

• Dispute over authorship without undermining the validity of the findings.
• The main findings of the work remain reliable and can be sufficiently addressed through correction.

Reported conflicts of interest post-publication will be evaluated by the editor. If deemed unlikely to have influenced interpretations, recommendations, or conclusions, retraction may not be pursued.